Part of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 36 (NeurIPS 2023) Main Conference Track
Liangliang Shi, Haoyu Zhen, Gu Zhang, Junchi Yan
Classification is a fundamental problem in machine learning, and considerable efforts have been recently devoted to the demanding long-tailed setting due to its prevalence in nature. Departure from the Bayesian framework, this paper rethinks classification from a matching perspective by studying the matching probability between samples and labels with optimal transport (OT) formulation. Specifically, we first propose a new variant of optimal transport, called Relative Entropic Optimal Transport (RE-OT), which guides the coupling solution to a known prior information matrix. We gives some theoretical results and their proof for RE-OT and surprisingly find RE-OT can help to deblur for barycenter images. Then we adopt inverse RE-OT for training long-tailed data and find that the loss derived from RE-OT has a similar form to Softmax-based cross-entropy loss, indicating a close connection between optimal transport and classification and the potential for transferring concepts between these two academic fields, such as barycentric projection in OT, which can map the labels back to the feature space. We further derive an epoch-varying RE-OT loss, and do the experiments on unbalanced image classification, molecule classification, instance segmentation and representation learning. Experimental results show its effectiveness.